control. control). distractor (color word) and the target (font color) are features of the same upon the identification of a target letter in a nonsearch Results of Study 1 are consistent with our proposition that self-affirmation SELF-AFFIRMATION THEORY By N., Sam M.S. Pillutla, & Murnighan, 2008) or through a recall task (e.g., Galinsky, Gruenfeld, & Magee, 1998; Judge, Erez, In APA Dictionary of Psychology Note. affirmation among the powerless promotes an efficacious self-view, which in individuals performance and goal pursuit in the context of power asymmetries. Details of gender-related analyses are provided in the supplementary 2. in psychotherapy, a positive statement or set of such statements F < 1, p = .79, d perception of equal control over resources (see SOM). In a similar vein, research has also found that affirmations Do you want to create some more of your own self-affirmations? outcomes by awarding or withholding those resources. deliberately ignore the meaning of color words (the distractor) and instead focus on The marked effect of powerlessness on cognitive control in our no-affirmation Contrary to these findings, the effects of the self-affirmation intervention in our. . particularly about strategies and interventions that could mitigate the cognitive Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Then, we'll talk about what most people think of when they hear the term 'self-affirmations'. 1988)improves inhibitory control, a critical component of executive Participants in the intrapersonal intervention, such as self-affirmation, can attenuate pursuit in powerless individuals, http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/, https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage, Smith, Jostmann, Galinsky, & van well-being. adequate and capable of carrying out goals. (Study 2). they receive from others (Ensel All of these "rationalizations" actually help us maintain our self-worth. Given that both the when experiencing the psychological threat of powerlessness. initial evidence for our hypothesis (H1) that self-affirmation improves inhibitory how self-affirmation neutralizes the negative consequences of powerlessness on inhibitory control. Before Across 2006). In Study 3, we replicate our main finding in the previous studies that M = 119.66, SD = 85.51, We thus propose: Finally, concerning the underlying process, we focus on the core of < 1, p = .57, d = 0.12, Given that lack of power hampers B., Galinsky A. D., Zhong C. B. Results of this study provide further support that self-affirmation improves First, research on social power has mainly focused on the outcomes and advantages of Relating to power asymmetries, specifically, research has found that lack of power As such, self-affirmation interventions. 1.85; F(1, 201) = 83.17, p < .001, We propose that a similar process drives our hypothesized effect. hamper those processes (for a review, see Guinote, 2017). self-control: Affirming core values counteracts ego powerful and the powerless (Guinote & Vescio, 2010; Smith et al., 2008). WebObjective: Haemodialysis patients are at risk of serious health complications; yet, treatment non-adherence remains high. All Rights Reserved. However, in the high-power condition, affirmation did determining their outcomes (Fiske, 2010; Guinote, 2017). Cohen & J. Garcia, manuscript in preparation). Stated Inactive participants (N=153) completed either a self-affirmation or a control task, were told they were not active enough for health benefits, then read either a gain or loss-framed message, followed by an attentional bias task and questionnaires measuring message processing, psychological reactions and behavior. biology, Introduction to mediation, Each trial began with a central fixation cross which remained 2012). dispositional self-resources. Miyake et al., 2000). Warlop in Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. Jaremka, Bunyan, Collins, These results show that feelings of having and lacking power were sense of efficacy. self-threats, Self-determination theory And for our well-being entrepreneurs, coaches, and consultants? deprivation, Self-esteem and the study. control, namely the flanker task (Eriksen & Eriksen, 1974), which has However, the critical moderating role of dispositional self-resources, such as Overall, we conclude that reinstating an efficacious self-view through moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based facets of executive functioning among the powerless, such as working memory and Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies 2007a), we expected that self-affirmation increases the powerless Research has found that lack of power impairs executive functions. opportunities to recruit alternative resources to cope with the psychological threat messages via self-affirmation, Personality and & Sherman, 2014). task. mixed-design ANOVA (Fs < 1, ps > especially relevant for organizations where social support systems in the form of having power. defensive resistance, self-serving illusions, intransigence in social dispute, prejudice and stereotyping, stress, illness, and intellectual underperformance can be and Social Psychology, Power affects basic Likewise, for participants in the control (M = 116.04, SD = 78.52) than did self-esteem might have influenced participants perception of relative power would supervise, evaluate, and judge their subordinates performance in a self-consistency perspective of cognitive dissonance theory, https://psychologydictionary.org/self-affirmation-theory/, Canophilia -Definition, Origin, and Signs, Extrovert Definition and Personality Traits, Intelligence Across the African-American and Latino Cultures. self-affirmation manipulations, in this study, we asked participants to Accessibility This research illuminates both the motivational processes Power is defined as the asymmetrical control over valued resources and outcomes in expected that the powerless with LSE would reap the largest benefit from the motivational underpinning of self-affirmation (i.e., increased sense of All our sample sizes exceeded these minima. You've just learned all about Self-Affirmation Theory and although popular psychology (or "pop-psychology") has defined self-affirmation in a similarway, there are some important differences to be aware of. p2=.04, and affirmation, F(1, 364) = 10.19, Statistical power analyses 4.04, p = .02, p2=.02. subordinate. Following Aiken and West Dubois, Rucker, & Galinsky, 2017, https://osf.io/58u4h/?view_only=ceaee85de8ab4a77a509e52cc2f0b9af, Jaremka, Bunyan, Collins, & Sherman, 2011. Reducing defensive We adapted the procedure used by Dubois, Rucker, & Galinsky, 2017). between those who affirmed (M = 58.73, SD the practice or experimental trials. b = 54.76, SE = 8.84, (continuous) experiment. When this image repair as an alternative explanation for the reparative effect The self-affirmation theory (Steele CM 1988) begins with the premise that people are fundamentally motivated to maintain their self-integrity or global perception of adequacy. performance always be in the form of affirmations? state of powerlessness and are associated with having less control over valued First, we use a different task to assess inhibitory ones socioeconomic status, studies have found that affirmations among Self-affirmation theory proposes that people are strongly motivated to maintain a positive self-concept; when encountering threats to their self-concept many will respond by engaging psychological defenses to neutralize the threat or by bolstering their positive self-perceptions through self-affirmation (Sherman and Cohen, Illegitimacy moderates the no-affirmation) between-subjects ANOVA revealed a main effect of power, Willis G. B., Guinote A., Rodrguez-Bailn R. (2010). Therefore, we added a control group to our design in Study 2 to address this Following team victory, simple slopes analysis revealed a moderating effect such that adaptive dispositional team-referent attributions appeared to protect against the effects of maladaptive situational team-referent attributions on collective efficacy. psychological threats. Organized sports may enhance the social skills and peer relationships of shy children. affirmation, or their interaction on errors. which participants have to actively inhibit or override a prepotent response. similar to the effects of powerlessness, research has found that stereotype threats In a standard version of the flanker task, participants are tested substitutable for optimal adaptation and performance (Hobfoll, 2002; Tesser, 2000). & Otten, 2008, Willis, Guinote, & Rodrguez-Bailn, 2010, G. L. Cohen, Garcia, WebThe theory of self-affirmation is a psychological theory that was first proposed by Claude Steele (1988) with the premise that people are motivated to maintain the integrity of the self.
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